日志
1.survey n. 纵览, 视察, 测量, 俯瞰, 调查
vt. 审视, 视察, 俯瞰, 通盘考虑
survey the countryside from the top of a hill 从山顶眺望乡村
survey the international situation 概括评述国际形势
survey a railway 测量一条铁路
Have the house surveyed before you offer to buy it.
在你出价买那房子之前, 先找人鉴定一下。
习惯用语
make a survey of 测量, 勘察; 对...作全面的调查[观察]
carry out/conduct a survey (=do a survey)
We conducted a survey of parents in the village.
2.add vt.加; 增添; 追加, 加算；接着又说, 补充说；合计, 累计
习惯用语
add in 算入; 包括
add on 加到上; 附加; 包括
add to加, 加到
add up 加起来, 总计; 和预期产总数相等; [口]有意义, 有道理
add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说; 意味着
一般我们就说，add something to something
eg. add some milk to the coffee在咖啡里加点牛奶
1. add in 包括。如：
Don’t forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上。
Would you add in these items, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗?
2. add to 增加。如：
This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难。
It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴。
3. add up
(1) 加起来。如：
You haven’t added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对。
(2) 有意义，有道理(主要用于口语中，且主要用于否定句)。如：
His excuse just doesn’t add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚。
What he said doesn’t add up. 他说的话自相矛盾。
4. add up to
(1) 加起来等于，总计。如：
The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500。
The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元。
(2) 总起来看说明了。如(from www.nmet168.com)：
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝。
The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案。
拓展
in addition与in addition to
1. in addition 此外，另外，还有。如：
I met some friends and other people in addition. 我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其它一些人。
You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。
2. in addition to 除……之外。如：
We play football in addition to basketball. 除了篮球外，我们还踢足球。
In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 除英语外，他还得学第二外语。
In addition to the overcoat you asked for, I bought you a shirt. 除了你要的上衣外，我还给你买了件衬衫。
注：in addition to 中的to为介词，所以后接动词作宾语时要用动名词。如：
In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。
另外，当主语后跟有in addition to引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。如：
The teacher, in addition to his students, was interested in the book. 老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。
3.upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴vt. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使不适,使心烦vi. 翻倒点击查看……
upset stomach n. 肚子痛 upset price 拍卖底价，最低售价，开拍价格
stomach upset n. 肠胃不适，消化不良
He excused her carelessness in upsetting the ink.
他原谅她不小心打翻了墨水。
The home team upset the local champions.主队击败了当地冠军。
There's no point in upsetting yourself.用不着让自己这么不安的。
I'm upset. Somebody told my boss I have a part time job.
我很烦恼。有人告诉我老板我在外面兼职。
I hope the sudden change of climate will not upset you.
我希望天气突然变化不会对你有什么影响。
She was terribly upset.她难过极了。
点击查看……I've upset a tin of paint on the carpet.我把一罐油漆打翻在地毯上了。
The independent candidate upset the mayor in the election.
这位无党派候选人在竞选中出乎意料地击败了市长。
4.ignore vt。忽视, 不理睬; 抹煞(建议)【律】驳回; 忽略(不计)
词形变化:
形容词:ignorable名词形式:ignorance 动词过去式:ignored
过去分词:ignored 现在分词:ignoring 第三人称单数:ignores
例句与用法:
1.You've been ignoring me.
你一直不把我放在眼里.
2.I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我!
3.I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了.
4.If you ignore your diet, trouble will follow.
如果你忽视自己的饮食，必然会遇到麻烦
5.We could ignore him and go direct to the chairman, but we'd be skating on
very thin ice. 我们可以不理会他而直接去找主席, 但那样做我们就如履薄冰了.
6.It costs 10 per metre, no, scrub that (ie ignore what I've just said),
it costs 12 per metre. 这个价钱是每米 10 英镑, 不, 应该说是每米 12 英镑.
7.He's his own man, but he doesn't ignore advice.
他虽然自有主张，但并不轻视别人的意见。
8.The wisest course would be to ignore it. 上上策是不予理睬.
9.He completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.
他完全无视这一切, 好象它们根本不存在似的。
10.She saw him coming but she ignored him.
她看见他走过来, 但装做没看到他。
ignorance n.无知; 愚昧，不知, 不懂; 缺乏教育
sheer ignorance of sth. 对某事全然无知
We are in complete ignorance of his plans. 我们完全不知道他的计划。
习惯用语
from/ through/out of ignorance 出于无知
keep in ignorance 使无知; 使不明真相
plead ignorance 声称不知
Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise. [谚]该糊涂的时候就要糊涂; 难得糊涂。
5.calm词性及解释n. 平稳, 风平浪静 a. 平静的, 冷静的
vi. 平静下来, 镇静 vt. 使平静 【经】 行市平静, 供过于求
a calm voice 平静的说话声
After the storm it was calm. 暴风雨过后风平浪静。
习惯用语
keep calm! 安静! 保持镇静!
calm before the storm 暴风雨前的平静
calm down 使平息, 使平静
拓展：
Calm, peaceful, quiet和still
calm主要用于气候、海洋“ 风平浪静的”, 也可指人表示“安静的”、“镇静的”, 如:
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm. 天空碧兰, 海上风平浪静。
Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.
虽然她害怕, 但还是用平静的声音回答。
peaceful指“和平的”表示“ 没有骚扰和战争的”, 如:
a peaceful environment 和平环境。
quiet 指“ 没有吵闹声的”、“ 没有噪音的”,它强调“声音很低、很少” 或“全然无声”, 如:
He had a quiet life. 他过着宁静的生活。
still 指“没声音的”、“没动静的”, 如:
the still hours before dawn 黎明前的寂静时刻。
1. He usually stays calm. 他通常都保持镇定。
2. The weather continued calm. 天气仍旧平静。
3. Keep calm, whatever happens. 无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。
4. please remain calm, sir. 请保持镇静，先生。
5. After a storm a calm. 暴风雨过後呈现一片平静；否极泰来；雨过天青。
6. have got to 不得不；必须
have got to比较常用于口语中，与hve to没什么区别。
[词语辨析]
must, have to和have got to这是三个易混淆的词，都有必须的意思，但是从用法上和很多的意义上都有很多的不同。例如，must可以表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句；表示肯定的猜测，而have to 表示一种客观的需要，同时，have to 与have got to 常可以互换。
一、must的用法
①表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须……，得……，要……”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to，意思是“不必”；must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。如：
We must find a good method to learn computer well. 我们必须找一个学好电脑的方法。
—Must I finish the task right now？我现在必须完成这个工作吗？
—Yes，you must. / Yes，you have to.
（—No，you needn’t. / No，you don’t have to.）
You mustn’t come here without permission. 未经允许，你不能来这儿。
②表示肯定的猜测，常用于肯定句中，意思为 “一定是， 必然……”。注意must表示推断或猜测的几种情况。如：
Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital.你姐姐一定是这家医院的医生（现在的猜测）。
He must be reading newspapers in the reading room now.他此刻一定正在阅览室读报（正在进行的猜测）。
It must have rained last night， for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面上是湿的（过去的猜测）。
二、have to / have got to 的用法
①must表示一种主观的需要，而have to 表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”。 如：
I have to attend an imp
Mother is out，so I have to look after the shop.妈妈不在家，因此我不得不照看商店。
②have to 的否定形式是don’t have to，相当于needn’t.如：
They don’t have to buy a computer at present.他们目前没有必要买电脑。
③have to 与have got to 常可以互换。
三、巩固练习：
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mike, you ______ play with fire. You______ burn yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. don’t have to; must D. have got to; shouldn’t
2. You ______ see the doctor, Joe. You don’t look very well.
A. must B. shall C. may D. can
3. —Must I clean the window now?
—No, you ______.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. may not
4. Jack’s ill, so they ______ change their plans.
A. must B. should C. have got to D. ought to
5. Harry has been reading all day —he ______ be tired.
A. should B. has got to C. has to D. must
Key 1: 1-5 BABCD
7. concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；（利害）关系
一、concern作动词
1. 关系到；影响
The World Cup taking place in Germany concerns all the fans throughout the world.
在德国举行的世界杯足球赛影响到全世界所有的球迷们。
注意：其过去分词concerned常用来作表语，意为“和……有关；牵涉”；而作定语，则意为“有关的”。
It is reported that the pop singer is concerned with selling drug.
据报道，那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。
He asked all concerned to take an active part in helping the girl.
他要求所有相关的人积极帮助那个女孩。
2. 使担心；使关心；使烦恼
The boy's poor performance at school concerned his parents.
这个男孩在学校很差的表现，使他父母很担心。
注意：其过去分词concerned通常作形容词用，意为:“担心的；烦恼的；忧虑的”。
1.The concerned parents were all concerned for the children's safety. 忧心忡忡的家长们都为孩子们的安全担忧。
2。Don't be too comcerned, Tomorrow is another day. 不要太担心，还有机会的。这个和Don't worry too much 意思一样。
3. What are you concerned about? 你担心什么？
二、concern作名词
1. 有关……的事（可数）
That's my concern, so I'll do as I like about it.
那是我的事，因此，我想怎么做就怎么做。
That's not your concern.这和It's none of you business 意思一样，但是更委婉。
2. 关怀；关心（不可数）
Some people don't show much concern for our environment.
有些人不太关心我们的环境。
3. 焦急；忧虑（不可数）
There is now considerable concern for their illness. 现在对他们的病相当担心。
4. 对某人来说最重要或最感兴趣的事（可数）
What are your main concerns as a golf player? 作为一个高尔夫球员，你最关心什么？
5. 企业；公司；商行（可数）
TCL is a large concern in our country. TCL 是我们国家的一个大企业。
6. 股份(可数)
Many managers have concerns in their businesses. 许多经理在企业中都占有股份。
三、concern常用的习惯搭配
1. concern on
be concerned about/for sb./sth. 使担忧；使烦恼
= be worried about sb./sth.
Eg1.There's no need to concern yourself with this matter; we're dealing with it. 你不用管这事，我们正在处理它。
Eg2. Don't concern yourself about the job.不必担心工作。
2. so / as far as... be concerned就……来说 / 而论
So far as I am concerned the second arrangement is more suitable.
对我来说，第二种安排更恰当。
2. be concerned with / in... 与……有关 concern sth./sb. 与……有关系
Eg1.Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.
她最近的一部纪录片与青年人失业有关。
Eg2. I‘m not concerned with it 这与我无关。
也可以表示为 I have nothing to do with it,. 语气更强硬。
eg3. I‘m concerned with my mother .我想我妈了。be concerned with 想
4. Where...be concerned 在牵扯到……的时候 / 情况下
8..walk the dog 遛狗
vi.走;散步vt. 走过,走遍;沿...走；陪...走;帮助(某人)走；遛(狗等)；推着...走;挪动…
n. 走;步行;散步[C]; 步行距离[S]; 步法,步行姿态[S]; 步行场所;人行道[C]
He likes walking. 他喜欢步行。
He arose and walked to the window. 他站起来走向窗户。
I heard him walking the floor. 我听见他在地板上踱步。
The mother walked the child out of the room. 母亲带着孩子走出了房间。
He walked his bike up the hill. 他推着自行车上山。
She used to take a walk after supper. 她过去常在晚饭后散步。
The bank is a ten minutes' walk from here. 银行从这里走过去十分钟就到。
I knew her by her walk. 我从走路的姿势看出是她。
9.loose adj.（宽）松的；松开的；松散的；,松掉了的；未予束缚的;未控制的
散放的;散装的；散漫的;不拘谨的；不严密的,不确切的,不明确的
vt. 解开(结等)；放(枪);释放;把...放开
vi. 射(箭)[(+off) (+at)]；变松;松开
She wore loose garments in the summer. 她在夏天穿宽松的衣服。
The dog ran loose on the street. 这狗在街上到处乱跑。
I have got a loose tooth. 我有一颗牙齿松动了。
Some loose pages fell out of the book. 几张散页纸从书里掉了下来。
Loose terminology must be avoided. 应避免使用意义含糊的术语。
She helped the child loose the laces of his shoes. 她帮孩子解开鞋带。
She loosed the bird from the cage. 她把小鸟放出笼子。
He loosed off at the deer. 他向那只鹿射击。
另外：
副词 ad. 松松地;松散地; 不严格地 n. [U] (箭的)放射;放纵
loose-
复合形 comb.form
表示"宽松地","松开地","不严地","不受束缚地"(如:loose-fitting)
9．vet n.兽医 v.诊疗，作兽医
词形变化
动词的过去时；vetted 过去分词；vetted 现在分词：vetting 第三人称单数：vets
dentist牙科医师/牙医physician内科医生，Surgeon外科医生
10. go through 经历；经受
与 go through 相关的例句
1.We have to go through with the book first.我们首先要把这本书完成。
2.The piano will barely go through the door.钢琴刚好能从门洞通过。
3.After dinner we go for a stroll through the village .饭后我们散步穿行村庄。
拓展：
get through与go through构词结构相似，词义丰富，比如两者均可意为：通过；做完；用光。
一、读下面的句子，根据具体的语境来推断“get through ”的含义：
1.I tried to telephone you last night, but I couldn’t get through.
2.Tom failed but his sister got through the exam.
3.We have got a lot of work to get through, so let’s start right now.
4.They won a million dollars, but they got through the whole lot in less than five years.
5.I left as soon as your message got through to me.
6.His father has been trying to get it through to him that he must work harder if he wants to pass the exam.
7.The local government managed to get the new law through though a great many people didn’t believe in it .
8.She has got through the latest novel about Harry Potter written by J.K. Rowling within two days.
Keys:
1.接通、打通（电话）；2.通过（考试）；3.完成（工作）；4.用完、花光（钱）；5.到达、送到；6.使理解、使明白；7.使（法律、法案）通过；8.读完（书）
二、读下面的句子，根据具体的语境来推断“go through ”的含义：
1.The Iraq has gone through too many wars in the past 15 years.
2.It’s reported that the bill has gone through without a vote.
3.I wonder whether you have gone through all your money.
4.She went through his jacket pockets and finally found the lost keys.
5.They went through all the details of the plan time and again to make sure that the project went smoothly（顺利）.
6.You must go through with the work within the deadline of next Thursday.
7.Let’s go through it again, this time with the music.
8.It took the Red Army a whole week to go through the great forests.
9.She made him go through both a civil and religious wedding.
Keys:
1.经历、遭受；2.被通过；3.花费；4.仔细检查；5.详细讨论；
6.完成、做完；7.看（做、练）一遍；8.通过、穿过；9.履行、参加
11．set down 放下, 使下车, 使着陆, 记下, 登记, 把...归于, 把...看作, 制定;
太阳落山;飞机着陆;[法] 放下, 卸下, 写下
参考例句
1．He was asked to set down the facts just as he remembered them.
他要根据记忆把事实写下来。
2． He set down the heavy box and rested for a while.
他放下沉重的箱子歇了一会儿。
3. He set down his pen on the table and went out.
他把钢笔放在桌上就走出去了。
4. Is it necessary to set down these additional rules?有必要制定这些补充规定吗？
5. I should set down what happened regularly day by day.
我应按部就班地一天天接着写下去。
7. He set down the bag and rested for a while.他放下袋子,休息了一会儿。
8. Friday has been set down for the next meeting.已经定于星期五召开下次会议。
9. The man poured a full glass of whisky, and set down the bottle noiselessly.那人斟了满满的一杯威士忌，轻轻地放下瓶子。
10. It is difficult to set down an exact formula because cork is a natural product.要确定脱模剂的精确配方是困难的，因为软木是一种天然产物。
11. Let us set down the items of her happiness.咱们且来算算她福气何在。
12. I will set down the story as it was told to me.
我要把这听来的故事原原本本地记下来。
13. Why don't you set your ideas down on paper?你怎麽不把你的想法写在纸上呢?
14. The bus stopped to set down an old lady.公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车。
15. I'll set you down on the corner of your street.
我在你说的那条街的拐角处停下来让你下车。
拓展：由set构成的短语
1. set off
（ 1 ）出发，动身（去某地）。例如：
Little Tom and his father set off for America last week, and arrived there this morning. 小汤姆和他的爸爸上周动身去美国，并于今天上午到达那里。
（ 2 ）引爆。例如：
The man set the bomb off in a ditch. 那人把炸弹放在沟里引爆了。
（ 3 ）引起，使（某人）开始（做某事）。例如：
Don't set him off talking politics, or he will go on all evening.
不要引他谈论政治，要不然他就整个晚上谈下去。
2. set out
（ 1 ）出发，动身（去某地），意思等于 set off for a place. 例如：
The Chinese team held a meeting for a whole day before setting out for Barcelona for the Olympic Games. 中国队在去巴塞罗那参加奥运会之前开了一整天的会。
（ 2 ）开始，着手（做某事）。例如：
The moment I got home, I set out to do my homework. 我一到家就开始做家庭作业。
3. set about doing something 着手（做某事），意义与 set out to do something 相同。例如：
That evening he set about writing a report on pollution. 那天晚上，他着手写一篇关于污染的报告。
4. set up 建立，创立。例如：
In the Southern States the slave owners wanted to set up a country of their own, where they could freely keep black people as slaves. 在南方各州，奴隶主们企图建立一个他们自己的国家，在那里他们可以随心所欲地把黑人当作奴隶。
5. set down
（ 1 ）写下，记下，意义与 write down 相同。例如：
You had better set down your idea before you forget it.
你最好把你的意见写下来，以免忘记。
（ 2 ）放下。例如：
He set down his load and had a break. 他放下担子歇了一会儿。
6. set sb to do sth 安排某人做某事。例如：
He set his son John to repair the broken bicycle immediately John got home. 他儿子约翰一到家，他就让他修那辆破自行车。
7. set an example to sb=(set sb an example) 为某人树立了……模样。例如：
He has set us a good example. 他为我们树立了一个好榜样。
8. set...on fire(=set fire to...) 放火烧。例如：
The man who set fire to the supermarket has been caught. 那个放火烧超市的人已经被抓住了。
9. set sb free 释放，放走。例如：
They set the prisoners free at last. 他们最终释放了那些罪犯。
10. set sail 扬帆起航。例如：
Then they set sail for their homeland. 然后，他们就起程回国了。
12．series n. [sing., pl. ] 连续;系列[(+of)]；(邮票)套;丛书;辑;组
a series of pictures 连环画
a series of books 丛书
a series of cells 电池组
series of good harvests 连年丰收
the first series 第一辑
习惯用语
a series of 一系列, 许多
in series 连续, 逐次按顺序排列的 作为丛书的 【电】串联的
in series with 与...串联, 与...相连
world [world's] series [美]每年秋季举行的全美职业棒球冠军赛
Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天,把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks.
这家出版公司正打算出一套新的系列教材。
He saw a series of white arrows painted on the road. 他看见马路上画有一连串白色箭头。
拓展：
series ，sequence ，succession 和chain
都含“依次排列的一连串事物等”的意思。
series 指“一连串彼此有联系的人物或事件”, 如:
a series of TV plays 电视连续剧。
sequence 指“在次序、字母顺序、观念、事物或因果等方面紧密联系而不可分的系列”, 如:
the sequence of events 一系列事件。
succession 指“在时间或次序上相连续的事物”, 如:
a succession of errors 接二连三的错误。
chain 指“连结在一起的一系列事物”, 如:
a chain of ideas 一连串想法。
要点：
a series of 一系列的;连续的
JK Rowling has written a series of books about Harry Potter.
Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是一连串的下雨天,把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks.
这家出版公司正打算出一套新的系列教材。
提醒：
“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式。
【例如】
A series of accidents has occurred recently in America.
A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.
A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.
但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，
谓语动词用单数。
On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.
The number of the students is over eight hundred.
13．outdoors n. 户外 adv. 在户外, 在野外 adj. =outdoor户外的,野外的
反义词: indoors
习惯用语
all outdoors [美口]全世界; 所有的人
There is intolerable noise outdoors.门外是难以忍受的嘈杂声。
She's outdoors gardening every afternoon.她每天下午都在户外搞园艺.
Children of all ages should be outdoors several hours a day.
各个年龄段的孩子每天都应户外活动几个小时。
He interested me in outdoors sports. 他使我对户外运动发生兴趣。
He suggests making the test outdoors. 他建议在室外做这试验。
14．on purpose 故意 同义词：by design
反义词：by chance /by accident
拓展：purpose n.目的, 意图, 宗旨；意志, 决心；效用, 用途, 意义；
(讨论中的)论题
an all purposes army [美]全能军
be firm [weak] of purpose 意志坚强[薄弱]
What is your purpose in doing that? 你做那件事的意图是什么?
You should spend your money to good purpose. 你要把钱花得有意义。
He walked with a stride full of purpose. 他迈着坚定的步伐向前走。
习惯用语
answer /serve on
be /get at cross purposes
彼此不和, 观点分歧, 相互误解; (在实现共同目标时)彼此方法不同
beside the purpose 不适当地, 不适宜地
bring about（attain, accomplish, carry） on
cross purposes 误解; 观点分岐; 志趣不同 一种滑稽问答游戏
for (all) practical purposes 事实上; 实际上
for most purposes 对大多数(实用)场合来说, 在很多(实际)场合
for our present purposes 对目前实际应用来说, 目前
for the purpose at hand 对目前实际应用来说, 目前
for (the) purpose of 为的是; 为了....起见; 为了...的目的
from the purpose [古]不得要领, 不中肯
in purpose [古]故意地
infirm of purpose 意志薄弱的, 优柔寡断的
of (set) purpose 有意地, 故意地
on purpose 为了 故意地
serve no purpose 不中用; 无济于事, 无用
serve the [sb.'s] purpose 符合需要; 解决问题; 适用
set purpose 既定目标; 坚定的意图
singleness of purpose 目的专一; 一心一意
to good purpose 富有成效地, 富有成果地; 效果良好地
to little purpose 几乎无结果[收获]
to no purpose 完全徒劳无益, 毫无结果地, 毫无成效地
to some purpose 有一定的意义; 有一定的效果
to the purpose 得要领的, 中肯的; 合适的
with the purpose of 以...为目的
16. in order to 为了……
so that /so as to /for为了……
但是几个在用法上有些区别, 比如
I got up early this morning so as to catch the first bus.只能用在句中
I got up early this morning so that I could catch the first bus.也只能用在句中
In order to catch the first bus ,I got up early this morning.可以用在句首
I got up early this morning in order to catch the first bus .也可以用在句中
I got up early this morning to catch the first bus. to catch不定式,表目的
I got up early this morning for catching the first bus. for当表目的的介词，后面动词应为现在分词
拓展：
so as to 与in order to 的用法有什么区别？
so as to 和in order to的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了”。它们的英语功能也是一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的不同之处就在于so as to 不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用in order to.
另外，
1.in order to 一般用in order that加从句来替换；而so as to 一般用so that加从句来替换。in order that 可以在句首，so that和so as to 一样不能在句首。
2.当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，“in order to , so as to +不定式”可以简化为“不定式”
In order to get to school on time,he got up earlier.这个句子可以表达为下列几种方式：In order that he could get to school on time,....
He got up earlier in order to get to school on time.
He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time.
He got up earlier so as to get to school on time.
He got up earlier so that he could get to school on time.
To get to school on time, he got up earlier.（这种不定式有时可以表示目的以外的状语）
拓展：
1．表达否定的目的时,可以用in order not to do和so as not to do 这两种结构。例:
In order to (=To) hear more clearly, we moved to the front row.
为了听得更清楚,我们挪到了前排。
He ran quickly in order not to (= so as not to) be late for the meeting. 他跑得很快,以便(为的是)不迟到。
2。so +adj. / adv. that可以引导结果状语从句, 意思是"如此……以至于……",也可用于so + adj. + n.+that结构。例:
He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him. 他跑得太快,没人能追得上他。
He drank so much Coke that he felt terrible. 他喝了那么多可乐,感觉很难受。
so that和in order that可以引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句,引导目的状语从句时说明主语的行为目的,引导结果状语从句时多说明主句行为的结果。从结构上看前者多带有情态动词。请对比下列从句:
I'll keep the box in the shade so that the sun doesn't burn the little plants.
我把箱子放在树荫下,这样太阳就烤不坏植物。(结果状语从句)
They stayed in Hangzhou so that they could visit the West Lake.
他们在杭州停留下来以便可以游览一下西湖。(目的状语从句)
3．order v. 订购，预订；命令
n. 命令，顺序
word order词序
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
I want to order a ticket. 我想订1张票。
This is an order. 这是命令。
You're staying for dinner and that's an order. 你们留下来吃晚饭，这是命令。
Everything is an order,a directive, a command. 什么事都是一个命令，一个指令，一个要求。
17. dusk n.[U]傍晚, 薄暮, 黄昏；昏暗; 幽暗
at dusk 在黄昏时刻
from dawn to dusk 从黎明到黄昏
in the dusk of the evening 暮色苍茫中
She was invisible in the dusk of the room. 她在昏暗的房间里别人看不到她。
The street lights go on at dusk. 街灯在黄昏时分亮起来。
He worked from dawn till dusk. 他从早工作到晚。
We could see nothing in the dusk of the hall. 大厅里一片昏暗,我们什么也看
拓展：
同义词
n. 薄暮,黄昏 evening / sunset / sundown / nightfall
其他：cloud /evening / sunset / dark /sundown / gloom / shade / nightfall
反义词 dawn at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
18. thunder n. 雷,雷声[U]; 似雷的响声,轰隆声[C][U]; 恼怒;谴责;威吓,恐吓[C][U]
vi. (以it为主语)打雷; 发出雷鸣般响声;轰隆隆地移动[Q]; 怒喝,大声斥责;威吓[(+at/against)]
vt.轰隆地发出;砰然重击[(+out)]; 厉声发出(威胁,警告等)吼出[(+at)]
After the lightning came the thunder. 闪电后接着是雷声。
We could hear the thunder of distant guns. 我们可以听到远处大炮的轰隆声。
It thundered several times, but no rain fell. 打了几次雷,却没下雨。
Trucks thundered down the highway. 大卡车从公路上轰隆隆地开过去。
They thundered against cheating on exams. 他们大声疾呼反对考试作弊。
The boss thundered out his orders at me. 老板对我吼叫着发号施令。
19. entire a.全部的,整个的; 全然的,完全的；纯粹的; 未断的,连续的
ad. entirely 彻底地；完全地
an entire set of Shakespeare’s plays 莎士比亚戏剧全集
an entire day 一整天 entire affection 纯真的爱情
clean the entire room 把房間全都打掃乾凈
gave us his entire attention 他的全部注意力都集中在我们身上
The entire class will be there.全班都在那儿。
Due to bad cold she spent the entire day in bed.她因重感冒在床上躺了一整天。
He wrote the entire play in on
You have my entire confidence. 我絕對信任你.
It took us an entire week to finish painting the home.
它花去了我们整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。
I am in entire agreement with you.我完全同意你。
拓展：
entire, whole, complete, full, total, gross, all
这些形容词都表示“完整的，全部的，整个的”之意。
entire除了有whole的意思外，还强调既不能加一个也不减少一个的含义。
whole比entire更普通，强调每个组成部分都包括在内，无一漏掉或舍去。
complete强调事物在内容、程度、或数量方面已完整，已达标准。
full侧重指内容，含有能包括所有的充足内容的意味。
total与complete用法相近，但强调总量。
gross侧重指未打折扣，未除去成本或皮重等与净重、净数相对,gross income; 总收入.
all有时可与whole, entire和total换用。
all the class going on a field trip; 参加郊游的全体班级成员；
这三个形容词所共同的中心意思是“包括每个成分或个体”：
whole 所有的, 完整的；整体；全部；总和；总计
whole常用来强调某事物的完整性，即没有任何部分被忽略或舍去，相当于every part。
在日常语言中，whole远比entire用得多。例如：
On
有一天，黑人在进行和平行进的时候，警察使用了警棍，这个情景全国的电视上都看到了
a whole town devastated by an earthquake; 地震所破坏的整个镇子
a whole cake 整个蛋糕
swallow sth. whole全盘接受；生吞活剥
a whole loaf. 一整条面包
the whole truth 全部真相
escaped the fire with a whole skin. 安然无恙地逃出大火
a whole new idea 全新的想法
the whole of that area整个那个地区
The baby cried the whole trip home. 这个婴儿一路哭到家
They told me the whole story. 他们给我讲了整个的故事。
He put the whole of his money into the bank. 他把所有的钱都存进了银行。
2 halves make a whole. 两个一半合为一个整数。
as a whole所有部分和方面都考虑到；整个看来：
disliked the acting but enjoyed the play as a whole.
不喜欢表演但整体上喜欢这个剧
on the whole总的看来；在大多数情况下；大体上，基本上：
on the whole, a happy marriage 总的看来，是个幸福的结合
can expect sunny weather, on the whole 大体上会有睛朗的天气
entire 全部的；完全的
entire freedom of choice; 完全的选择自由；
entire可以修饰抽象名词，whole则不能。例如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the middle east.这将会破坏整个中东和平
The entire class will be there. 全班都在那儿。
He wrote the entire play in on
entire与whole在许多情况下可以通用。例如：the whole/entire day(book)
The people's government has the support of the entire(whole)population.
人民政府得到全民的支持。
total; 总计的; 完全的；
the total cost 全部费用（partial）
total与上面两词的主要不同在于它有较强烈的计算意味，强调总量，意为“全部的”，“总计的”，实际上就是对现存的whole的大小作精确的估计。例如：
By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.
到年底为止，筹集到的全部款项达到9200多万美元。所有这些钱全部送往非洲了。
It is often thought that disabilities are total.人们常认为残疾就是完全残废。
I want total silence. 我要求一点声音也没有。
complete强调所有需要的或正常的部分都存在。
相比之下，它的意思是“完成了的”或“完善的”，指所有指标的兑现或目的的实现。例如：
The work is now complete; we can have a holiday.
工作现在完成了；我们可以去度假了。
The total number of tourists chosen so far is forty eight, but the tourist party is not yet complete.到目前为止挑选的旅游者的总数是48人，可是这旅游团还未满员。
entire、whole、total、complete这组词作作为形容词都是指“全部的，完整的”，即丝毫没有失去、损坏或省略的(事物)。
综上所述，除whole以外，当描写毫无例外和毫无保留的包罗全体的抽象概念时，其他三词都可换用。例如：
I have entire(or total or complete)control of the project.
我对这项工程有完全的控制权。
20．power n. 力量,势力,动力
v.( powered,powered ,powering ,powers)使...有力量,供以动力,激励
1. Sitting out here, you really can feel the power of the sun.
坐在这里，你可以感到太阳的力量。
2. The powers of the police need to be clearly defined. 必须对警方的权限作出明确的规定。
1 能力 It is beyond/outside/not within my power .
I will do everything in my power to help you.
2 生理或精神上某方面的能力 He has lost the power of speech.
The drug affects on
powers:体力，智力 His powers are failing.
3 力，力量 The ship was helpless against the power of the storm.
4 操纵力，影响力 the power of law
have sb in on
seize power 夺取政权 come into/to power
5 神灵，鬼怪the powers of darkness
6 do sb a power of good 对某人大有好处.
20. face to face adv.（常与with连用）面对面地
I rushed out of the office and found myself face-to-face with the boss.
"我冲出办公室,面对面地碰上了老板。"
The burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.
那窃贼转过墙角，面对面碰上一个警察。
They've often talked to each other on the telephone, but they've never met each other
face to face.他们常常互相通电话,但从来没有见过面。
The two world leaders at last spoke face to face.两世界首领进行最后的直接交流
We were face to face with death during the avalanche.
在雪崩过程中，我们直接面对死亡。
记住：heart to heart
shoulder to shoulder
face to face
back to back
拓展: face n.(1)脸，面孔；面容，表情(2)（物体的）表面，正面(3)外观(4)工作面
a beautiful face漂亮的脸
the face of the building建筑物正面
the face of a clock钟的表面
a handsome face英俊的脸
the face of the earth地球的外表面
the modern face of the city这座城的现代外观
the face of a clock时钟的表盘
a coal face煤矿采掘面
the face of a playing card扑克牌的正面
lose face丢面子
make a face at the prospect of eating lemons想到吃柠檬时做了一个怪相
had the face to question my judgment厚颜无耻来怀疑我的判断
We saw many new faces on the first day of classes.上课第一天我们看到许多新面孔
The team managed to maintain a firm face even in times of great adversity.
即使在危难时刻，这个队仍成功地保持了坚定的信心
He had a face like thunder.他怒容满面。
His face was sad.他面带悲伤。
The tramp was found lying on the floor face downwards. 这个流浪汉被人发现脸朝下躺在地上。
The mountaineers succeeded in climbing the north face of the mountain to the top peak.
登山队员们成功地从这座山的北坡爬上了顶峰。
A cut diamond has many faces.雕好的宝石有许多面。
The whole village presented a face placid.整个村庄呈现出一片宁静。
The miners worked at the face for 5 hours.矿工在采掘面上工作了5小时。
习惯用语
in the face of不顾；面对，在…前面
He succeeded in the face of great difficulties.尽管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。
We are powerless in the face of such forces.面对这样的势力，我们无能为力。
on the face of it从表面上来看；显然：
On the face of it, the problem seems minor.单从表面上判断，这个问题似乎较小
On the face of it, the document seemed genuine.从表面看，这文件像是真的。
to (on
criticized the supervisor to her face.当她的面批评那个监督员继承用法
make a face at向…做鬼脸
He made faces at the baby to make it laugh.他向婴儿做鬼脸来逗他发笑。
(= pull a face at)
put a good face on it装作若无其事
She hadn't passed the exam but she tried to put a good face on it.
她考试没及格，但她尽量装作若无其事。
save (on
Though she'd lost her job, she saved face by saying she'd left it willingly.
虽然她已失业，但她说是自愿离职，以保全面子。
face the music承担后果：接受不中意的结果，尤其是自己行动的结果
show (on
Don't show your face on my property again.别再出面干涉我的财产
face vt., vi.faced, facing
(1)朝，向，面向；面对(2)正视，应付(3)面临(4)（与with连用）用…包面；覆盖上一层不同的材料
stood and faced the audience面对观众站着
a window that faces the south朝南的一个窗户
have to face the facts不得不面对事实
to face a wall with concrete用水泥抹墙
a wooden house faced with brick表面砌砖的木屋
bronze that is faced with gold foil包金箔的青铜
My house faces the park.我的房子面对公园。
The seats face forward.这些座位朝前方。
A crisis faced us.我们面临着危机.→We were faced with a crisis.
The difficulty that faces us is the number of those in need. →The difficulty that we are faced with is the number of those in need.
我们面临的困难是需要帮助的人数太多。
“What this generation must do is face its problems”(John F. Kennedy)
“这一代必须做的是正视它的问题”(约翰F.肯尼迪)
An unskilled youth faces a difficult life.一个不成熟的青年，面临着生活的困境
“The prospect of military conflict . . . faced us with nightmarish choices”(Henry A. Kissinger)“未来的军事冲突…使我们面对恶梦似的决择”(亨利A.基辛格)
"Charles couldn't face another day at work, so he decided to leave it and go down to the south."
"查尔斯对这工作连一天也干不下去了,所以他决定放弃工作到南方去。"
She faced up to her difficulties.她敢于正视困难。
We must learn to face difficulties squarely and try to overcome them.
"我们应该学会正视困难,努力克服困难。"
常用词组
face out坚持到底：
He is determined to face out the situation.他决心坚持到底。
face up to大胆面向：
She must face up to the fact that she is no longer young. 她必须正视她已不再年轻这一事实。
face down用目光压倒，降伏，威镇：通过坚定果断地面对而获得征服或克服：
face down an opponent in a debate; faced the enemy down.
在辩论中用目光压倒对方；震慑敌人
face off 【体育运动】开球：在冰球、曲棍球和其它的比赛中将冰球或球落在两对手之间进行开球
face up面对：如坚决而又自信地，面对一个不愉快的状况：
had to face up or get out不得不面对，否则就是逃避
finally faced up to the problem最终勇于面对那个问题
21.curtain n.[C] 帘;窗帘;门帘;帷幔；(舞台上的)幕;开幕;落幕；幕状物；
【建】隔壁; 间壁；屏蔽[障]; 屏；隔板, 挡板；活动小门；
[pl. ][美俚] 横死; 终结; 完蛋[(+for)]
vt. 给...装上帘子；(用帘子)遮掉,隔开[(+off)]
习惯用语
a window curtain 窗帘
a curtain call 要求谢幕
be curtains for him 意味着他要完蛋了
behind the curtain 在幕后, 秘密
draw the curtain (on, over) 掀开帘幕(显露帘幕后的东西)放下帘幕(掩盖起来, 隐讳不提) 落幕, 剧终
drop the curtain 闭幕, 演出终止 掩盖; 隐匿
ring down the curtain 鸣铃闭幕; 使终止; 使结束; 闭幕
ring the curtain up 开始, 着手; 开幕
take the curtain 谢幕
Curtain ! (叙述者要人注意所述情景时用语)想象一下这种情景!
Please draw the curtains. 请把窗帘拉上。
The curtain rises. 戏开演。
The curtain falls. 闭幕。
A thick curtain of fog hid the mountains from view. 一层浓雾遮蔽群山。
I bought some material to curtain the house. 我买了一些料子给房子装上窗帘。
If your work doesn't improve it will be curtains for you.
如果你工作不改进，你就完蛋了。
This curtain bunches up. 这块窗帘布皱起来了。
Draw the curtain aside. 把窗帘拉开。
This curtain wants washing. 这窗帘该洗了。
Draw a veil/curtain over 避而不谈，隐瞒
22. dusty: [ 'd?sti ] a. 满是灰尘的, 无聊的, 含糊的, 粉末状的
习惯用语
not sodusty [英俚]还好; 还过得去
none sodusty [英俚]还好; 还过得去
词形变化: 副词:dustily 形容词比较级:dustier 最高级:dustiest 名词:dustiness
例句与用法:
1. The dusty road made the travelers dusty too. 满是尘土的路弄得行人也满面尘土了。
2. My eye alighted on a dusty old book at the back of the shelf.
我偶然发现在书架後面有一本满是灰尘的旧书.
3．He gave me a dusty answer. 他给了我一个含糊的回答。
4．We arrived at the place tired and dusty. 我们到这地方时，又脏又累。
23. no longer/not.. any longer不再……
no more/not ..any more 不再……
一、 no longer与no more的意义区别
1. no longer中的longer是副词long的比较级，long有after a certain point of time(在某一时刻以后)之意，着重表示时间的不再延续，意为“如今不再”。no longer等于not... any longer。
2. no more中的more是many / much的比较级，more有again之意，着重表示数量或程度的减少，意为“再也没有更多(大)的数量(程度)”。no more等于not... any more。
二、时态区别
1. no longer / not... any longer表示不再继续或再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作 / 状态时，常用于过去时、现在时或将来时的句子中。如：
He was no longer a thief. 他不再是小偷了。
When there is no gravity, our feet no longer stay on the ground. 如果没有重力，我们的脚就不能再站稳在地面上。
2. no more / not... any more表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作时，常用于过去时或将来时的句子中。如：
Now she wasn't afraid any more. 现在她再也不害怕了。
三、位置区别
当修饰动词时，no longer通常置于be或行为动词前；no more一般置于行为动词后。not... any longer与not... any more常置于句末。如：
She could no longer find a way to get into the valley. 她再也找不到进山谷的路了。
Time or opportunity lost will return no more. 机不可失，时不再来。
四、修饰动词区别
1. no longer / not... any longer 习惯用来修饰表示状态的持续动词(如wait, live, work等)。如：
Don't wait any longer. 别再等了。
She could not keep up with him any longer.她不能再赶上他了。
2. no more / not... any more通常用来修饰表示具体动作的瞬间动词(如go, stand, visit等)。如：
We couldn't stand it any more. 我们不能再忍受了。
五、作用区别
两者都可用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。当no more作“不再(有、存在)”解时，还可作定语和宾语。如：
Later when they are far away from the earth and there is no more gravity, they find they are unable to stay in on
I have no more to say. 我没有什么要说的了。(作宾语)
tired easily; he must be out of shape. 他很容易疲倦，一定是身体有毛病。We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain.
即时练习：
You seem to be tired much of the time. 你好像总感觉累。
—We have moved to live in the countryside.
—When ______of the city life?
A. were you tired B. have you got tired
C. did you get tired D. were you tiring
最佳答案: C
get 含有“（逐渐）变得”的意思，此题的意思是你什么时候对城市时候变得厌倦的？强调转变的过程，而不是强调状态，所以不用be动词，而用半连系动词get.
31.pack n. 包裹, 一伙, 一副, 背包, 包装, 一堆,大量 (+of)]
vt. 包装, 捆扎, 塞/挤满, 压紧, 挑选，【口】经常携带(枪等)
vi. 包装货物, 挤, 群集, 被包装
a pack of thieves 一伙盗贼
The tourist carried a pack on his back. 观光旅行者背了个包。
He used to smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. 他过去经常一天抽一包香烟。
A pack of hounds chased the fox. 一群猎犬追捕狐狸。
What she told you was a pack of lies. 她对你说的话是一派谎言。
Please don't forget to pack me a razor. 请别忘了给我放一把剃须刀进去。
Visitors packed the gallery. 参观者挤满了画廊。
He packed his clothes into a trunk. 他把衣服装进箱内。
We packed the books before we moved. 我们在搬迁前把书本捆好了。
He packs a pistol. 他常带着手枪。
They are busy packing. 他们正忙于整理行装。
These things pack easily. 这些东西容易包装。
Thousands of people packed into the stadium. 成千上万的人挤近体育馆。
拓展：
pack up 整理行装；停止工作
Do you need me to help you pack up? 你需要我帮你整理行装吗?
It was time to pack up. 收工的时间到了。
pack off寄出, 把...打发走, 匆匆离开把...打发走;撵走[(+off)]
They packed off their little daughter to her aunt's house before leaving for France.
他们去法国前把小女儿送到她姑母家。
pack out 填满, 挤满
1.I wish you'd pack yourself off at on
2.She packed her two daughters off to school and then went to market.
她先打发两个女儿上学去,然后去市场。
32.teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
13 至 19 岁的少年人.
因13 至19 都用 teen 表示, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
33. get along (well) with/get on (well) with与...和睦相处,在...方面进展,
(多指虽有困难)仍继续使用,应付...
We found it easy to get on with him。我们觉得与他相处很容易。
This thing gets along/on very well.这件事进展顺利。
He can not get along/on with her .他与她相处不来。
____How are you getting along with your English?你英语学得怎么样？
____Too bad, I’m afraid.恐怕不怎么样。
34. gossip n. 闲话,聊天;流言蜚语[C][U]; 爱传流言蜚语的人;爱说长道短的人[C];
(报刊上有关个人隐私等的)社会新闻,小道传闻[U] vi. 闲聊;传播流言蜚语[(+about)]
She had a gossip with her neighbor. 她与邻居闲聊了一会。
Don't tell her anything. She is a gossip. 什么也不要告诉她。她爱搬弄是非。
It's getting late. I mustn't stay gossiping with you any longer.
时间不早了,我不能和你再闲聊下去了。
There has been much gossip in political circles. 政界里有许多流言蜚语。
I never talk about gossip. 我从不传播流言蜚语。
She loves to gossip to her neighbors. 她喜欢议论邻居们的是非长短。
He's a terrible gossip. 他专爱说人闲话.
35.fall in love 相爱；爱上
fall in love with sb 坠入爱河,爱上....人
fall in love with sb at the first sight 一见钟情
be in love在恋爱，还可用be in love with sb.
be in love与fall in love前者表状态可与时间段连用,后者表动作不可与时间段连用!
He fell madly in love with that girl the first time he saw her.
他第一次见到那个女孩时就疯狂地爱上了她.
I just couldn't help falling in love with the painting.我情不自禁地喜欢上了这幅画.
The young girl falls in love with the boy next door quietly.
小女孩默默地爱上了隔壁的男孩子
注意比较
lose heart表灰心、气馁
lose on
顺便说一下，使用lose要注意，有些说法没有物主代词。在表示“掉磅”时，人们倾向加上物主代词，这是不符合习惯的。应该把下面句子中的my去掉：
I have been losing my weight in the past two weeks．同样，“增加体重"put on weight或gain weight也没有物主代词。而“丢面子”是lost face，“失去优势”是lose ground，但“惊慌失措”却是lose on
36． Not exactly．主要用法有二：1）表示轻微的否定，意为：不很.如：
He's not exactly stupid，but he's too lazy．他不很蠢，但他太懒了．
2）用作回答，表示：不完全是；不完全如此；不全对。如：
—So you missed the meeting．—Not exactly．I got there five minutes before it finishsd.
37. disagree vi.不合, 不一致, 不符(with, in)；
争执; 不同意(with)；不适宜, 有害(with)
习惯用语
disagree with 与...不相称 与...意见不同 对...不相宜, 对...有害
His conduct disagrees with his words. 他言行不一。
Hot climate disagrees with me. 热天对我不合适。
1.Even friends sometimes disagree. 即使是朋友，有时也会意见不合。
2. Here I must disagree. 这一点我必须反对
3. I venture to disagree. 恕我不敢苟同。
4. The two accounts disagree. 那两种叙述不一致。
5. Fried foods disagree with me. 油煎食物对我不适合。
6. Do they agree or disagree? 他们是否同意还是不同意?
7. I disagree with this view. 我不同意这个看法。
8. I entirely disagree with him. 我根本不同意他的看法。
9. I disagree with you about this. 对于这件事我跟你意见不同。
agree vt. ＆ vi. 基本用法如下
1) 单独使用，表示同意、答应等。如：
①I asked him to help me and he agreed. 我请求他帮忙，他答应了。
②After a short time, the program was agreed.
过了一会儿，这项计划大家都同意了。
2) 跟介词with连用. 表示"同意；赞成"；"与……一致；(气候，食物)适合"。例如：
① I quite agree with what you said. 我很同意你说的话。
② I don"t quite agree with their methods(opinions, ideas).
我不太赞成他们的办法(意见，想法)。
③ The verb must agree with the subject in person and number.
动词在人称和数上应与主语一致。
④The enemy generals could not agree with on
The climate there doesn't agree with him. 那里的气候对他不合适。
3) 跟介同to连用，表示"同意；赞成(提议、安排、计划等)"。例如：
① I agree to the proposal(the plan). 我同意这个提议(计划)。
② Do you agree to this arrangement？你赞成这个安排吗？
③ I quite agree to their suggestions. 我很同意他们的建议。
4) 与介词on连用，表示"对……取得一致意见"(主语往往是协商一件事的人们或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词)。例如：
①The date for the next meeting was agreed on. 下次会议的日期达成了一致的协议。
②They agreed on going there the following day. 他们一致同意第二天到那里去。
5) 跟不定式作宾语，表示"同意做某事"。例如：
①He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人来帮我们的忙。
②She agreed to get everything ready before I come.
她同意在我到来之前把一切都准备好。
6) 跟从句，表示"一致认为、同意"。例如：
①Most scientists agreed that computers cannot completely take the place of human beings. 大多数科学家一致认为，计算机不能完全代替人。
②At last, the boss agreed that I should do the work.
最后，老板同意我来做这项工作。
38. grateful a.1. 感谢的,感激的[F][(+for/to)][+to-v][+(that)]
I am grateful to have you help me repair the house.
承你帮忙修缮房子,我十分感激。
She was grateful to George for all that he had done. 她感激乔治所做的一切。
2. 表示感谢的[B]
They sent us a grateful letter.
他们给我们寄来了一封感谢信。
3. 令人愉快的;可喜的
grateful和thankful区别
thankful a. 感谢的,感激的;欣慰的[(+for)][+to-v][+that]
I was thankful for her help. 我感谢她的帮助。
通常来讲
grateful的用法是be grateful to sb. for doing sth.
而thankful的用法是be thankful for sb.to do sth
在用法上thankful后不可以接to， 而grateful可以。
当thankful后接to时， to后必须接另一动词 。其他没什么区别了。
39.dislike vt. 不喜爱,厌恶[W][+v-ing] n. 喜爱,厌恶[C][U][(+of/for)]
dislike 同like 相反；同义词，hate
用法其实跟like 一样的：有like to do sth ;like doing sth
dislike to do sth是具体的．而dislike doing sth 是说习惯性的．
She strongly disliked being spoken to like that.
她很不喜欢别人对她这样说话。
I dislike having to get up early. 我不喜欢早起。
People dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.
人们不喜欢我，因为我又漂亮，又有办法。
The boy has a dislike for vegetables。
I felt a strong dislike of the new teacher. 我感到很不喜欢这个新教员。
提醒一下：
He dislikes the film, doesn't he?
本句是表示否定含义的肯定句，所以反意疑问时要用否定式。
习惯用语
take a dislike to 厌恶；开始讨厌
have a dislike for/of/to 厌恶, 不喜欢
likes and dislikes 爱好和厌恶
注意：
unlike adj. 不同的, 不相似的；不像…的；不同于…的；非…的特征的
prep. 不象...,和...不同；不同于
She is unlike her mother; she is tall and her mother is very short.
她不像她妈妈；她很高，而她妈妈很矮。
For twins, they are very unlike. 作为一对双胞胎，他们很不一样。
She's unlike the rest of her family. 她不同于她家里的其他成员。
It's unlike him not to call. 不打电话过来对他来说是不多见的。
40. join in 加入一种具体活动
join in the search
join in the group singing (注意，有别于join the singing group 这个是组织 )
拓展：
join,join in和take part in
1)加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，用join，不可用join in。如：
①He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.
他永远也忘不了他入党的那一天。
②His brother joined the army three years ago.
他哥哥是三年前参军的。
join还可解释为“连接”。如：
①The railway joined the two cities.
铁路把两个城市连接起来了。
②The two clauses are joined by a conjunction.
两个分句由一个连词连接起来。
2)说参加某种活动用join in，如说“与其人一起做某事”，则用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如：
①May I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？
②Come and join us in the discussion. 来和我们一起讨论吧！
③We are having supper now.Would you like to join us?
我们正在吃晚饭，你也来和我们一起吃好吗？
join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。如：
①Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。
②Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
3)take part in参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度．起一份作用。如：
①A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement.
大批学生参加了五四运动。
②We are going to have an English evening. Do you want to take part?
我们准备举办一个英语晚会，你想参加吗？
③How many of you are going to take part?
你们多少人准备参加？
④All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
【注意】take part in是惯用词组，part前一般不用冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。如：
Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.
林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。
join, take part in ,attend的辨析
这几个词或短语都有“参加”的意思。区别：
1)join：指加入某个组织成为其中一员。
join the Army/the Party/the League参军/入党/入团
join (sb.) 指参与某项活动，口语中常与take part in 通用。
He joined you in the walk.他和你们散步。
2)take part in指参加群众性活动、会议并在其中起积极作用。
May I take part in your game? 我可以参加你们的游戏吗？
The Swiss didn't take part in the two World Wars.
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3)attend是正式用语，指参加会议、婚礼、典礼；听报告、讲座等。
He'll attend an imp
attend v. 参加；注意；处理；照料；为...工作，招待
如attend the meeting
attend the class
1. Danger attended everything he did.
他所做的每一件事都有危险。
2. I shall be attending the meeting.
我会参加会议。
3. A nurse attends to his needs.
有个护士照顾他.
4. Why weren't you attending when I explained before?
我以前解释的时候, 你怎么不注意听呢?
5. Could you attend to (ie deal with) this matter immediately?
你能不能立刻处理这件事?
6. Dr Smith attended her in hospital.
史密斯医生在医院中给她治病.
7. The Queen was attended by her ladies-in-waiting.
女王由宫廷女侍陪伴.
8. Are you being attended to (eg said by an assistant to a customer in a shop)?
有人接待您吗（如店员问顾客）?
We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.
41. 3.tip n提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
v.倾斜；翻倒；露;暗示;告诫
1.He burnt the tips of his fingers. 他烧伤了指尖。
2.Some smokers don't like cigarettes with tips. 有的烟民不喜欢抽有滤嘴的纸烟。
3.I'm sorry I tipped the bottle over. 抱歉,我把瓶子弄翻倒了。
4.He tipped the money in his pocket on to the counter. 他把口袋里的钱倾倒在柜台上。
5. The boat tipped to on
6.We tipped the taxi driver. 我们给出租车司机小费。
7.I tipped the waiter two dollars. 我给侍者两块钱小费。
8.Who tipped the scheme? 谁把计划泄漏出去的?
9.We gave the taxi driver a tip. 我们付小费给出租车司机。
10.I gave her a tip on how to concoct a new kind of soup. 我教她配制一种新汤的诀窍。
相关短语
It’s on the tip of my tongue.
一下子想不起来了。
[句型解析]
在我们交谈时，常常会出现突然就想不起某事物的尴尬。这时，我们可以用 “It’s on the tip of my tongue”。来说明出现尴尬的原因。
[实例]
1. It’s on the tip of my tongue, let me see.
就在我嘴边上，让我想想。
2. His address is on the tip of my tongue, wait a minute.
他的地址就在我嘴边上，稍等一下。
3. The question she wanted to ask was on the tip of her tongue.
她一下子忘了想问什么问题了。
[实战练习]
A: Did you see the new employee in our company? 你见了我们公司的新雇员了吗？
B: Yeah. Do you know her name? 是的。你知道她的名字吗？
A: It’s on the tip of my tongue but I just can’t remember. 就在我嘴边，一下子想不起来了。
B: Well, let’s just ask the manager? 就问经理吧。
A: I’ve got a better idea. Let’s just ask her instead.
我有个更好的点子，直接问她好了。
42. swap vt.(swapped; swapping)
交换(通常指同类事物的交换, 所以后接复数名词); 交流; 用...作交易
swap horses 换马
swap da
swap experiences 交流经验
习惯用语
swap ... for 以...换
I'll swap you three of mine for on
我以我的三个换你一个。
名词 n.
1.交换[S]
Let's do a swap. 我们交换吧。
2.交换的东西[C]
与 swap 相关的例句
Will you swap places with me? 你愿意和我换位置吗？
I'll swap you this for that. 我用这个和你交换那个吧。
Don't swap horses when crossing a stream. 行至中流不换马；危难之时不宜作大变动。
Never swap horses while crossing the stream. 过河勿换马；临阵勿换将。
Do not swap horse when crossing a stream. 中流不换马；危局不易人。
Do not swap horses when crossing a stream. 处在危难中，不宜大更动。
He offered to swap his camera for hers. 他表示要与她交换相机。
He swap his old car for a new motorcycle. 他用旧车换了一辆新摩托车。
They have arranged to swap prisoners with the enemy. 他们已部署了与敌人交换俘虏。
I'll swap you my knife for your ball. 我用我的刀换你的球。
43. item n.项; 条款; 项目;(新闻等的)一条, 一则; (戏剧的)节目;产品; 展品
an export item 出口项目item record 项目记录item number 项目编号
local items 地方新闻 item description 项目说明item size 项目大小
item veto (提案)部分项目否决权(美国某些州州长的职权之一)
习惯用语
item by item 逐条, 逐项
item on the agenda 议程项目
收起更多词典展开更多词典
1.There was an interesting item in the newspaper today. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的新闻。
2.Let's discuss the contract item by item. 让我们把这份合同逐项讨论一下吧？
3.Let 's discuss the contract item by item. 让我们把这份合同逐项讨论一下吧?
4.I buy ski item. 我购买滑雪器具。
5.Please wrap this item separately. 请分开装。
6.So item 6 is the difference. 故第六项是补差价。
7.All the sale item is go. 所有的特价销售品都卖完了。
8. I'd like to accept this item, seeing (that) the price is reasonable.
我愿意接受此品种，因为价格合理。
9. Gone forever are the days when this item sold well.
这一品种畅销的日子一去不复返了。
10. Do you know if they like this new item?
你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种？
[辨析] 区别 accomplish，complete，end，finish
accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有"完成"之意
accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果
complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分
end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止
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